意识形态理解史中的三重困境

On the Three Dilemmas of Understanding Ideology

基于不同的立场,国内外有关意识形态的争议一直存在。肯定与否定、消极与积极直至否定意识形态的存在,而意识形态定义的复杂性也加剧了人们对意识形态的误读。归纳分析种种误解、误读或各种有意为之的诠释,意识形态面临三重困境:价值"乌托邦"、立场"中立说"和命运"终结论"。这三种代表性的诠释恰恰与马克思主义意识形态相背离。立足历史唯物主义,解析以上三重困境是正确理解意识形态的必要前提。这对于回应和批判"非意识形态"、"意识形态中立"、"意识形态终结"、"马克思主义过时论"、"马克思主义是乌托邦"等言论思潮具有导向性作用。

Based on different positions, there has been a controversy about the ideology at home and abroad. At the same time, the complexity of defining the ideology also results in a misreading of ideology. By summing up and analyzing various kinds of misunderstandings and intentional interpretations, the ideological dilemma can be fallen into the three categories, that is, Utopian value, neutral position and ending destiny, which are contrary to Marxist ideology. Analyzing the three dilemmas by the historical materialism is a necessary prerequisite for proper understanding of ideology. It is of a guiding significance for responding to and criticizing variously erroneous ideas.