民国初年袁世凯施政述略

Yuan Shikai's Policies in Early Republic of China Period

清帝退位后,袁世凯作为权力赓续的继承者,为了在全国树立威信和良好形象,面对民国初年复杂的国内国际形势,做出了一些重大努力:切实恢复统治秩序,严谕军警遵守纪律;力图摆脱新旧价值体系冲突状态下的负面影响,高调宣称赞同民主共和,永不使君主政体再行于中国;通谕各省要体谅时艰,各党派要休戚与共,共创民国大业;在处理民族关系上,袁世凯亦有独到的创见;为融合满汉蒙回藏各族,缓和各民族之间的纷争,消除不利于民族团结的诸多因素,实现真正的五族共和,袁世凯力求做到中央和地方统筹兼顾,这对当时复杂的民族关系具有很强的镇定作用;为促进民国初年社会的发展与进步,袁世凯还全面阐明其锐进主义基本国策,主张从稳健入手,实施政治、经济、军事、外交等一揽子计划,共谋国家之强盛。

After the abdication of the Qing emperor, Yuan Shikai as the successor of political power took a series of measures to establish nation-wide prestige and deal with complex domestic and international situations. He effectively restored the rule and imposed strict military and police disciplines. He tried to avoid negative impact of conflicts between old and new values, endorsed democracy and republic and promised to eliminate monarchy in China. Yuan also encouraged solidarity among provinces and all political parties for the development of the Republic of China. In ethnic policies, he emphasized the balance of central and local controls so as to keep peace between the Manchus, Han, Mongolians, Hui and Tibetans. Such a policy was effective in handling complicated ethnic relations. To promote social development in the early Republic of China period, Yuan adopted a steady national policy and formulated political, economic, military and foreign policies aiming to achieve national prosperity.