酒精性肝病流行病学及发病机制研究进展

Progress in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of alcoholic liver diseases

酒精性肝病是指长期过度摄入乙醇导致的肝脏疾病,是西方国家晚期肝病的首要原因。酒精性肝病发展过程包括酒精性脂肪肝、酒精性肝炎、酒精性肝纤维化及酒精性肝硬化。目前,随着人类生活水平的提高和生活方式的改变,人群中嗜酒者比率逐年提升,在我国乙醇已成为仅次于肝炎病毒的导致肝损害的第二大病因。酒精性脂肪肝逐步发展为肝硬化需有较长过程,对嗜酒者进行早期干预,可降低酒精性肝病的发生、发展,因此了解酒精性肝病流行病学特点及危险因素有重要实际意义。本文就酒精性肝病的国内外流行病学现状、危险因素、以及酒精致肝损害机制等方面的研究进展作一综述。

Alcoholic liver disease（ ALD） is a chronic liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption,which is the major reason resulting in advanced liver disease in the West. The spectrums of alcohol-related liver injury include simple steatosis or fatty liver,alcoholic hepatitis,fibrosis and cirrhosis.Currently,with the improvement of human living standard and the change of lifestyle,the population of alcoholics increases year by year. Alcohol ranks second to the hepatitis viruses among all the etiologies of liver disease in China. The development of ALD is a long process. We can avoid its occurrance and development if some measures are taken. Therefore,it is significant to understand the epidemiological characteristics and the risk factors of ALD. This review will summarize the progress in epidemiology,risk factors and pathogenesis of ALD.