从北宋杜诗写本异同看学杜风尚与宋调成熟

The Fashion of Learning Du Fu and The Maturity of Song Poetic Style from the View of Similarities and Differences in Manuscript Copies of Du Fu's Poetry in Northern Song Dynasty

仁宗庆历年间是两宋历史上影响深远的时期,宋人大规模学习杜甫便始于此时期,从而形成宋调特色。但是,作家地位的确立首先取决于其作品被阅读的程度,有什么样的作品流传,就决定着什么样的诗人形象,从而决定诗人的地位。而宋人最终选择杜甫作为学诗的共同典范,催生出成熟的宋调,与北宋前期众多杜集广泛流传,且异文多歧有着紧密关联。从中唐到北宋,杜甫形象在不断变化,究其原因,除了时代美学趣尚等因素,也与杜甫作品篇数不断增多完善有关。所以在北宋前期的写本时代,由于杜集没有"真本",杜集卷帙篇数不等,异文众多,读者心目中的杜甫形象也就呈多元化,有着与"沉郁浑融"主体风格相参差扞格的"豪放俚俗"。本文试图在此基础上,以杜甫诗集从写本到印本的转向及其后果为中心,进一步考察北宋前期尊杜对宋调成熟的深远影响。

The Qingli period is influential in Song dynasty. In this period, poets begin to learn Du Fu, and the Song poetic style forms its own characteristic. However, the establishment of the position of a poet firstly depends on how many works have been read. The image and position of a poet are related with his pop works. The final selection of Du Fu as the common model of learning poetry leads to a mature Song poetic style. This is closely associated with the wide spread and disambiguation of variant readings of Du Fu's poetries in the early stage of the northern Song dynasty. From the middle of Tang dynasty to the northern Song dynasty, the reasons for changes of Du Fu's image are the factors such as age aesthetic interest and the perfect of Du Fu's numerous works. In the period of manuscript copy of the early northern Song dynasty, because of the rare of the true copy and numerous of variant reading of Du Fu's poetry, images of Du Fu are diversity, which take on a vigorous and flowing style, while not the main style of deep depressed. Based on this, this paper tries to make further investigation on the profound influence of respecting Du Fu to the maturity of song poetic style in early stage of the northern Song dynasty, with the center of Du Fu's poetry from writing copy to printed copy.