养老社会化的社会类型与社会结构差异

The Effect of Social Types and Social Structures on Social Security for the Aged

养老模式与社会类型和社会结构密切相关。从社会类型看,居家养老是机械团结型社会的核心乃至唯一养老模式,而社会养老是分工协作型社会家庭保障功能外移的结果。养老社会化进程与工业化进程总体上是正向相关关系,即工业化程度越高,养老社会化的程度越高;工业化程度越低,养老社会化的程度越低。从社会结构看,社会养老服务的需求与供给存在显著的社会分层差异,如贫富差异、区域差异和城乡差距等。这些差异是不同社会分层生存需求层次差别、政治话语权差异及其利益博弈的结果,并经由国家福利政策将其制度化。养老社会化的社会类型和社会结构分析的意义在于:特定国家的养老社会化进程应与其政治、经济、文化和社会条件相适应,以期获得坚实的道德支撑和制度保障。

The care patterns for the aged are closely related to social types and social structures. Home cares for the aged is the core care patterns for the aged in traditional society,while social cares have been developing with the degrading of family functions in modern society. The process of socialization for the aged supporting develops with the advancement of industrialization with social stratification differences,such as the difference between the rich and the poor,between rural and urban areas as well as region gaps. These differences are the products of social stratification institutionalized by respective welfare policies. The significance of this analysis lies in：The care patterns for the aged,in particular the socialization process for the aged care depends on and should be in compatibility with the politics,the economy,the culture and the social conditions of respective nations.