Web2.0时代集体创作作品的保护困境与立法应对

The Dilemma of the Protection of Collective Creativity Works and its Legislative Responses in the Web2.0 Era

在Web2.0时代,集体创作成为网络信息创造的一种主要方式。集体创作作品由多个无意思联络的分散创作者共同创作而成,由于著作权分散于多个个体创作者手中,这类作品在利用时出现由于权利太多而导致的交易成本问题。无论将权利初始分配给单一的组织或整个创作群体,还是让个体权利人自愿弃权,都有其不可避免的缺陷。将集体创作作品的版权留在独立分散的创作者手中,并通过公共许可机制将集体创作作品的版权提前授权给他人,既保留了创作者的自治性,又解决了权利原子化带来的交易成本问题。

In the era of web2. 0,peer production becomes the main way of creating information on the internet. The collective creativity work is made together by widespread individuals who have no connections with each other. The individual ownership by multiple creators can be costly for users who may be swamped by the transaction costs that accompany too many copyrights. There are inevitable drawbacks in assigning the copyrights to a single entity,granting a group right or establishing a waive mechanism. Therefore,it is better to apply the pre-license rules,under which an individual who contributes content to a group effort agrees to license the contribution to others in advance in the context of the group work while retaining other rights. It protects the autonomy of creators as well as overcomes the transaction cost problem that accompanied with copyright atomism.