《TBT协定》中的国际标准规则法律解释研究

The Legal Interpretation Research on the International Standard Rules in the TBT Agreement

国际标准对经济发展和多边贸易体制的完善有着重要作用。建立具体的、统一的国际标准,可以避免因创设不必要的标准对贸易形成的障碍。然而,在WTO法律实践中,对国际标准的法律解释问题仍然有待进一步完善。本文结合《TBT协定》的文本规定与WTO技术性贸易壁垒的相关案例,分析了国际标准的两大法律解释难题:其一,国际标准的认定问题。《TBT协定》并没有对国际标准进行准确的定义,这需要从《TBT协定》的相关内容和WTO案例中寻找答案;其二,国际标准的有效性和适当性问题。这是国际标准与《TBT协定》合法目的内容联系最为紧密的要素,也是关系到国际标准能否得以适用的关键。

The international standard is significant for the economic development and the perfection of the multilateral system. Building concrete and unified international standard can avoid unnecessary barriers for trade. However the legal interpretation research on the international standard rules is still needed to be perfect. This paper combined the text of the TBT Agreement and the WTO cases to analysis the two legal interpretation issues： on the one hand, the identification of the international standard. There is no accurate identification of the international standard in the TBT Agreement. We need to find the answers in the WTO cases. On the other hand the effectiveness and appropriateness. The two issues are the key factors about the relational-ship between the international standard and the TBT Agreement. This paper hopes to offer beneficial support for China to deal with likely legal disputes.