不同产地砂仁的挥发油GC-MS分析及重金属残留测定

Determination of Volatile Oil by GC-MS and Evaluation of Heavy Metals Residue in Fructus Amomi from Different Producing Areas

目的对5个产地砂仁的挥发油成分及重金属元素进行测定,结合灰色关联分析法以其主要有效成分和重金属残留两个检测指标对不同产地砂仁的质量进行评价。方法采用气相色谱和质谱联用技术(GC-MS)结合质谱库检索系统对砂仁挥发油成分进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法确定各组分含量;采用微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法分析不同产地砂仁中铅、铬、铜的含量,并结合灰色关联分析法对数据进行分析。结果 5个不同产地砂仁中的乙酸龙脑酯含量均高,樟脑次之,阳春地区砂仁中乙酸龙脑酯的含量最高;重金属检测铅、铬及铜的含量范围分别为0.6400~0.8803、0.7105~4.3990、20.0506~20.7096μg·g^(-1);通过灰色关联度分析法确定5个产地砂仁质量优良程度排序为:广东阳春>广西>广东吴川>云南>缅甸。结论 GC-MS和微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法结合灰色关联度分析法可对砂仁药材进行较为全面的综合评价,为砂仁的销售以及临床安全用药提供参考。

Objective To determine the volatile oil and heavy metals in Fructus Amomi from 5 producing areas,and to make a comprehensive quality evaluation of Fructus Amomi through the analysis of the main effective components and heavy metal residues by gray relational analysis method. Methods The combined technique of gas chromatography- mass spectrometry（GS- MS） together with mass spectrometry library retrieval system was used to identify the structure of Fructus Amomi volatile oil components,and chromatographic peak area normalization method was applied to determine the content of each component. We analyzed the lead, chromium, copper contents of Fructus Amomi from different producing areas by microwave digestion and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and analyzed the data by grey correlation analysis method. Results Bornyl acetate content of Fructus Amomi from the 5 source origins was the highest, and camphor came next. Fructus Amomi from Yangchun area had the highest content of bornyl acetat. The content range was 0.6400- 0.8803 μg·g^-1 for lead,0.7105- 4.3990 μg·g^-1 for chromium,and 20.0506-20.7096 μg·g^-1 for copper. The results of the grey correlation analysis method showed that the quality of Fructus Amomi from 5 source origins was ranged as follows： Guangdong Yangchun〉 Guangxi 〉Guangdong〉 Wuchuan 〉Yunnan〉 Myanmar. Conclusion GC- MS technology and microwave digestion- graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry combined with grey correlation analysis method can comprehensively evaluate the quality of Fructus Amomi,and will provide a reference for the import and export of Fructus Amomi and for its clinical medication.