城市浅水湖泊生态系统健康与保护研究

Research on health evaluation and protection of urban shallow lake ecosystem

针对我国东部平原地区淡水湖泊资源丰富,且多为中小型浅水湖,受到社会经济快速发展的影响,城市化率高,人类干扰强烈,境内湖泊面临着富营养化、服务功能丧失等生态环境问题,以太湖流域东南部苏州市吴江区的湖泊群为例,在分析浅水湖泊特征的基础上,提出这一类型湖泊生态健康的概念框架,构建湖泊水生态健康评价体系,选择生态因子、环境因子、人类活动干扰与生态建设4个要素共12个指标描述湖泊健康水平,并分析其原因。结果表明:水环境质量的恶化与人类对湖泊资源的粗放式开发是造成湖泊生态功能失衡的主要原因。以评价结果为指导,制定典型湖泊三白荡的生态修复与建设的措施与方法,旨在为湖泊生态系统管理与修复提供科学依据。

Freshwater shallow lakes of small-to-medium size are distributed across the eastern plain areas of China. Influenced by a high rate of urbanization and intense human disturbance due to rapid economic development, these lakes are facing such environmental problems as eutrophication and ecological service function loss. A case study was conducted on the lakes in the Wujiang District, in ecological characteristics of shallow lakes, a conceptual Suzhou City, to the southeast of Taihu Lake. Based on framework of lake ecosystem health was put forward to establish the lake ecosystem health evaluation system. Four factors and 12 indices were selected to describe the state of lake health. The factors include the ecological faltor, the environmental factor, human disturbance, and ecological construction. Results show that water quality degradation and extensive human exploitation are the critical causes of the imbalance of the lake ecosystem. Based on these results, ecological restoration and construction measures are formulated for a typical lake, Sanbaidang Lake, providing a scientific basis for lake ecosystem management and protection.