新疆地区儿童变应性鼻炎变应原分类及分布情况的分析

Analysis on classification and distribution of allergens among the children with allergic rhinitis in Xinjiang area

目的分析新疆地区儿童变应性鼻炎患儿变应原的分类和分布情况,为该地区儿童变应性鼻炎患者群体采取提前预防措施提供帮助。方法采用20种标准化吸入变应原对新疆医科大学第一附属医院2012年5月-2014年5月耳鼻喉科门诊拟诊为变应性鼻炎的480名儿童进行皮肤点刺试验,分析近年来引起新疆地区儿童变应性鼻炎主要变应原的分类和分布情况以及相关因素。结果 480名儿童中有406例患者变应原呈阳性反应,阳性率为84.58%。20种变应原反应阳性率居前三位的分别是藜属(61.58%)、艾蒿(44.09%)和柳树(37.68%)。406例变应性鼻炎患儿中,只对单一变应原阳性反应的39例(9.61%),其中多数为螨类变应原;2种变应原阳性反应的29例(7.14%);其余大部分患儿均为3种及3种以上变应原阳性反应者。藜属、树木类变应原主要在夏秋季比率较高,且以秋季为主。结论新疆地区儿童变应性鼻炎变应原的分布特点与气候特殊性相一致,其主要变应原为藜属。

Objective To analyze the classification and distribution of allergens among the children with allergic rhinitis in Xinjiang area, help the children with allergic rhinitis patient population to take preventive measures in advance. Methods Skin-prick test was conducted among 480 children suspected of allergic rhinitis in Department of Otorhinolaryngology in the hospital from May 2012 to May 2014 using 20 kinds of standardized inhalant allergens. The classification, distribution, and related factors of main allergens among the children with allergic rhinitis in Xinjiang area in recent years were analyzed. Results Positive reaction of allergens was found in 406 children, the positive rate was 84. 58%. The most common three allergens were chenopodium （61.58%）, mugwort （44. 09% ） , and willow （37.68%） . Among 406 children with allergic rhinitis, 39 children （9. 61% ） reacted to single allergen, and dermatophagoides were common; 29 children （7. 14% ） reacted to two kinds of allergens; the other children reacted to three or more than three kinds of allergens. Chenopodium and tree allergens were common in spring and autumn, especially in autumn. Conclusion The distribution characteristics of allergens among the children with allergic rhinitis are consistent with particular climate, dermatophagoides are the main allergens.