姜夔书病论研究

On JIANG Kui's Study of Troubles in Calligraphy

宋初至元祐,书学学理停滞,外加科举制度和书法教育的诱导,导致书法创作为唐法病其风神。为矫正嗣唐者流弊,元丰时期苏轼提出"意造",对唐法进行改造。但是,"意造"有观念先行、蹈空凭虚之弊,"意造"下书法势变的弊病也显露无疑。针对此,姜夔首先提出"风神说",旨在恢复书势,以治唐书学死法和宋书学失法之弊;其次提出"涵泳说",旨在提高创作者性情的涵养,以治唐书学死法和宋书学为法度病其风神;最后倡导"自然说",旨在提高创作者对书象的认知能力,以治宋书学的雕琢生硬、刻意为书之弊。

From the beginning of Song Dynasty to the period of Yuanyou,the theoretic development of calligraphy was suspended.And misled by the system of old imperial examination and calligraphy education,calligraphy creation became troubled in distorting the spirit to follow the style of Tang calligraphy.To correct the Tang followers＇ abuses,SU Shi,during the period of Yuanfeng,put forward ＂idea creation＂to improve Tang style.However,there was something wrong with＂idea creation＂,such as no support only with the idea going first and an apparent trouble in the changes of calligraphy manners and vigor.Under such conditions,JIANG Kui first put forward＂the idea of calligraphy spirit＂to restore the vigor of calligraphy,so as to correct the troubles in Tang＇s frozen style and Song＇s missing style.JIANG then put forward＂the idea of singing of self-restraint＂,to improve the self-restraint of creators,so as to correct Tang＇s frozen style and Song＇s distorting the spirit aiming at following Tang style.At last,JIANG put forward＂the idea of nature＂in order to improve the creators＇ cognitive ability to know the calligraphy phenomenon,so as to correct the arbitrary and sedulousness of Song calligraphy.