汽车空调送风格栅优化与乘员热舒适性改进

Optimization of vehicle air-conditioning grilles and the improvement of passenger thermal comfort

文章综合考虑太阳辐射以及人体散热对乘员舱热环境的影响,以汽车空调风道双叶片型出风口的水平格栅和垂直格栅的角度为设计变量,利用当量温度作为热舒适评价指标,将人体的头部、胸部、左小腿、右小腿的当量温度定义为设计目标;通过设计实验DOE(design of experiment)选取30个样本点,采用Kriging模型建立近似模型,最后利用连续二次规划法(NLPQL)对该近似模型进行优化设计。优化结果表明驾驶员上身部位的当量温度有明显降低,其中头部降低1.78℃,胸部降低1.43℃,驾驶员的热舒适性得到显著提高;同时也表明汽车空调送风格栅角度对乘员舱内流场及乘员热舒适性有明显的影响,在今后的热舒适性研究中不可忽略。

By using the horizontal and vertical blades angle of vehicle air-conditioning outlet as design variables, considering the effect of solar radiation and body heat dissipation on the cab thermal envi- ronment, and taking the equivalent temperature as thermal comfort index, the equivalent tempera- tures of human head, chest, left shank and right shank are defined as optimization objectives. An ap- proximate model is built by using Kriging model based on thirty sample points which are selected by the method of design of experiment（DOE）. Finally, the approximate model is optimized by using Se- quential Quadratic Programming-NLPQL. The result shows that the equivalent temperature of driver＇s upper body is reduced obviously, the head temperature by 1.78 ℃ and the chest temperature by 1.43℃. The thermal comfort of the driver is obviously improved. It is shown that the blade angle of vehicle air-conditioning outlet has significant influence on the flow field of the cab and the thermal comfort of passengers, so it can not be ignored in the future research on the passenger thermal comfort.