马汉的“海权论”与美国在南太地区的海洋战略

Mahan's Sea Power and America's Ocean Strategy in South Pacific Region

美西战争后,美国开始挺进太平洋。随着海军力量的增强,美国逐渐加强了对南太平洋地区的控制。由于美国一直把南太地区作为自己的"内湖",所以它高度重视对该地区的海洋战略。在马汉确立了"海权论"的思想后,美国的注意力转向了海军建设。"海权论"与美国在南太平洋地区的海洋战略有很大的相关性,美国二战后、冷战时期以及冷战后在南太的海洋战略三个案例验证了这个假设。与此同时,美国的海洋战略对中国有着重要的启示:第一,海军建设是培育、维持和发展国家海权的核心;第二,国家的大战略要特别重视海洋战略;第三,大力发展海运业。

America began to enter into the Pacific after American-Spanish war. With the reinforcement of America＇s navy force, America gradually intensified controlling South Pacific region. As America has been regarding this region as its lake, it put great emphasis on the strategy toward this region. America converted its attention to build the navy after Mahan established the idea of sea power, so what＇s the relationship between the idea of sea power and America＇s strategy toward this region. Sea Power has a great relevance with America＇s ocean strategy in this region. The three cases including America＇s ocean strategy in this region during post-world war two, cold war and post cold war periods tested this hypothesis. Meanwhile, America＇s ocean strategy has important enlightenments： Firstly, Navy is the core of cultivating, keeping and developing national sea power. Secondly, Grand strategy should put great emphasis on ocean strategy. Thirdly, ocean industry should be developed greatly.