司法假定及其相关概念辨析

Judicial Assumption and Related Concepts Discrimination

司法假定是司法活动中法官作出初步判断的基本思维方式之一。为防止概念上发生混淆,有必要对与司法假定相关概念做出辨析。司法假定与司法判断相比较,前者属于后者范围内的部分。在逻辑思维上司法推定与司法假定存在差异,司法推定强调法官认定事实的思维出现断片时来推导未知事实;而司法假定则强调法官在案件审理前对案件结论作出的初步判断。从证据法角度看,司法认知本质上是一种免证事实制度,属于法官的裁判职务行为;而司法假定中所处理的案情信息则是不完全不确定的,法官只是暂时予以确认,其假定结论具有可反驳性。

Judicial assumption is one of the basic ways of judges thinking in the judicial activities. In order to prevent confusions, it is necessary to make an analysis on the related concepts about judicial assumption. Compared with the judicial judgment, the former belongs to the part of the latter. There are differences between judicial presumption and judicial assumption on the logical thinking, judicial presumption emphasizes on the derivation of unknown facts when the judges appear thinking fragment of finding fact. The judicial assumption emphasizes that the judges make a preliminary judgment on the conclusion of the cases before the trial. From the point of view of evidence law, judicial notice is essentially a kind of factfreed of proof system, belongs to the judge＇s duty behavior. The information of the case is not completely uncertain in the judicial assumption which the judges just temporarily confirm, that the conclusion can be refuted.