防范生物入侵:以昆虫为例

Defence Biological Invasions:In Case of Invasive Alien Insects

入侵生物严重危害农业、林业、生态和人类健康安全,马铃薯甲虫、扶桑绵粉蚧、苹果蠹蛾等入侵害虫对中国农业发展构成严重威胁。我国的入侵物种有3/4最早发现于沿海经济发达地区,人类活动造成的生物入侵以空前的速度增加,一旦这些引入物种定居下来,几乎不可能根除。全球气温升高也在一定程度上加速了生物的入侵速度和危害程度。潜在入侵害虫的准确和快速鉴定、各类昆虫快速鉴定的特异性分子标记以及重要入侵害虫的监测技术与防控技术研究,成为我国预防和控制害虫入侵和入侵害虫危害的关键科学和技术问题。

Invasive alien species have great impacts on agriculture, forestry, ecology, and human health. Introduced pest insects such as the Colorado potato beetle （Leptintarsa decemlineata Say）, cotton mealybug （Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley）, codling moth （Cydia pomonella L.）, etc. have posed serious threats to Chinese agricultural development. Three quarters of invasive species in China were first discovered in the coastal economically developed areas. Biological invasions which caused by human activities increased faster than ever before. Once these introduced species settle down, they are almost impossible to be eradicated. With the global temperature rising, it also accelerates the degree of invasion and damage of alien species. Key problems of science and technology for preventing and controlling introduced alien pests in China are as follows： accurate and rapid identification, specific molecular markers, and techniques of monitoring, prevention, and control for important invasive pests.