新发和烈性传染病的防控与生物安全

Prevention and Control of Emerging Viral Infectious Diseases and Biological Security

近几十年来,SARS冠状病毒、埃博拉病毒、高致病性禽流感H7N9等新发和烈性传染病接连出现,严重影响人类健康。新发和烈性传染病病原由于没有有效的疫苗和药物,具有传染性强、传播速度快、传播范围广等特点,现代生物学技术的发展使得这些病原有可能作为生物武器,威胁我国生物安全。文章分析国内外新发和烈性传染病流行现状,阐述新发和烈性传染病与生物安全的关系以及可能带来的生物恐怖威胁,探讨新发和烈性传染病防控研究的前沿技术,提出了我国新发和烈性传染病防控中存在的问题,同时针对武汉国家生物安全实验室的落成对新发和烈性传染病的防控和生物安全的防护进行了展望。

In the past decades, the emerging and reemerging viral infectious pathogens such as SARS-CoV, Ebola virus, and influenza virus H7N9 that cause serious diseases have been a great threat to human health. No vaccines and drugs are available for those deadly viruses that are highly contagious and fast spreading among different species. With technology of reverse genetics, these viruses could be modified to be fatal biological weapons since most animals and human are susceptible to those viruses, which could be a potential threat to our biological security. With an introduction of the epidemiology of emerging and reemerging viral infectious pathogens in our country as well as all over the world, this study focused on the following aspects： （ 1 ） the relationship between emerging infectious pathogens and biological security; （ 2 ） the cutting-edge technology for the prevention and control of emerging infectious pathogens; （ 3 ） the problems to be solved in the prevention and control of emerging infectious pathogens in our country though numerous advances have been made in recent years; and （ 4 ） the perspective of biodefense in our country after the highest level of national biosafety lab was established in Wuhan.