导向型环境政策对企业技术选择及其生产率的影响——来自中国发电行业的经验证据

The Influence of Directing Environmental Policies on the Technology Selection and TFP of Chinese Power Generation Companies

文章将2005年《可再生能源法》的颁布作为一次自然实验,使用"倍差法"估计了可再生能源政策对清洁发电技术带来的影响,并考察了该政策是否有利于发电行业的清洁技术偏向。研究发现:(1)《可再生能源法》及相关政策激励了清洁发电技术的使用及生产率的提升,相对于污染发电企业,2005年之后清洁发电企业的发电量与TFP平均上升了8%和10%;(2)在时间趋势上,政策效应存在逐渐增强的趋势;(3)我们使用"匹配差分法"比较了2005年之后有补贴的企业与没有补贴企业TFP的差异,比较结果发现有补贴的企业TFP上升得更快,并且这些企业R&D投入也更多。因此认为可再生能源政策促进了发电行业的清洁技术偏向。文章的结论不仅对判断公共政策在改变环境技术偏向中所起的作用具有一定的启发意义,而且能够为相应的环境政策出台提供理论依据。

This paper considers the 2005 Renewable Energy Law in China as a natural experiment and investigate the influence of this policy on the clean power generation technology by difference-in-difference method.It finds that：firstly,the Renewable Energy Law and its related policies promote the use of clean technology and improve the productivity of power companies.The production capacity and total factor productivity（TFP）of clean power generating plants increase by 8% and 10% respectively,compared to traditional power generating plants.Secondly,the policy effects reinforce over time.Thirdly,power companies that receive subsidies tend to invest more on research and development（RD）and achieve more significant TFP improvements.Thus the renewable energy policy promotes the clean technology bias of power generation industry.The conclusions of this paper can judge the role of public policy in changing the bias of environment technology,and can provide theory basis for the corresponding environment policy.