海南岛近岸海域贝类中的麻痹性贝类毒素

Analysis of paralytic shellfish poisons in bivalves collected from different coastal areas in Hainan Island

为了弄清海南岛近岸海域麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish poison,PSP)的污染状况,于2010年12月至2011年9月间,在海南岛近岸海域设立了5个采样点,采集了14种贝类共95份样品,用小白鼠生物法和高效液相色谱法对样品进行PSP的毒性测定和毒素分析。结果显示,海南岛海域贝类软组织中PSP含量普遍较低,最高检出毒力值为3.576 Mu/g,低于我国目前暂定的4 Mu/g警戒值,检出率为11.58%;贝类中PSP的检出率季节性变化显著,以冬季最高,达62.5%,夏末次之,为3.26%,春季和夏初均未检出PSP。另外,贝类中PSP毒素污染状况也具有明显的地理分布差异,产于陵水、文昌海域的贝类中毒素检出率较高。主要染毒贝类为近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)、细纹卵蛤(Pitar striata)、白织纹螺(Nassarius coronatus)、翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)和栉江珧(Atrina pectinata)。经高效液相色谱荧光检测法分析染毒的贝样发现,贝类中含有11种PSP成分,分别为GTX4、GTX1、C1、C2、NEO、STX、dc GTX2、dc GTX3、GTX3、GTX2和dc STX,其中,GTX1,GTX4,C1,C2检出率分别为90.9%,100%,81.8%和81.8%,为染毒贝类中的主要毒素成分。

To understand the distribution pattern of paralytic shellfish poisons（ PSP） along the coast of Hainan Island,an investigation was carried out and ninety-five shellfish samples belonging to 14 species were collected in 5 sampling sites from December 2010 to September 2011. PSP toxicity were determined using the mouse bioassay and the toxin profile were analysed with HPLC-FD. The results showed that PSP toxicity of the samples were low. The maximum toxicity was 3. 576 Mu / g,which was lower than the public health safety threshold（ 4 Mu / g）. The positive rate was11. 58%. The rate showed a remarkable seasonal difference. The highest rate was in winter（ 62. 5%） followed by late summer（ 3. 26%）. No PSP toxin was detected in spring and in early summer. The geographical pattern of PSP toxin contamination was also quite obviously,which mainly appeared in the coastal areas of Lingshui and Wenchang.The shellfish species that were subjected to PSP contamination included Crassostrea rivularis,Pitar striata,Nassarius coronatus,Perna viridis and Atrina pectinata. Eleven PSP toxins,including GTX4,GTX1,C1,C2,NEO,STX,dc GTX2,dc GTX3,GTX3,GTX2 and dc STX,were detected in the samples with high performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection.