小鼠大脑皮质发育过程中神经细胞、胶质细胞及血管之间的相互关系

Relationship between nerve cells,glial cells and blood vessels during the development of mouse cerebral cortex

目的探讨小鼠大脑皮质发育过程中神经细胞、胶质细胞及血管发生之间的关系。方法应用免疫荧光、5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(Brd U)和墨汁血管灌注等技术,对胚胎受孕15d(E15)至生后90d(P90)小鼠大脑内神经干细胞、神经前体细胞、神经胶质细胞和血管进行形态学观察。结果 E15左右大脑皮质内开始出现血管网,随着年龄的增长血管分支逐渐增多,血管体密度呈现增长趋势;成年后(P60)血管密度基本稳定。大脑皮质部位小血管走行方向与放射状胶质细胞长突起延伸方向一致,呈平行分布;大量放射状胶质细胞伸出膨大的足板参与血脑屏障的构筑;增殖的神经干细胞主要沿着血管走行方向及放射状胶质细胞长突起延伸方向进行迁移。结论在大脑皮质发育过程中,神经干细胞不断增殖,并沿着血管走行方向及放射状胶质细胞长突起延伸方向进行迁移。神经细胞、神经胶质细胞参与血管壁的构成,三者之间相互诱导,共同维持血脑屏障的完整与功能调节。

Objective To investigate the relationship between nerve cells,glial cells and angiogenesis in mouse cerebral cortex development. Methods Brain neural stem cells,neural precursor cells,glial cells and blood vessels of embryonic 15 days（ E15） to postnatal 90 days（ P90） mice were labeled by immunofluorescence,5-bromodeoxyuridine（ Brd U） and ink perfusion for morphological observation. Results Around the embryonic period of E15,the cerebral cortex began to have vascular networks,and later with the growth of age,the vascular branches gradually increased,the density of the blood vessels showed an increasing trend,and the density of adult（ P60） blood vessels was stable. The direction of the small blood vessels in the cerebral cortex was consistent with that of radial glial cells. A large number of radial glial cells extended enlargement of the footplate participating in construction of the blood brain barrier. The proliferation of neural stem cells migrated along the direction of the vessel and the extension direction of radial glial cells.Conclusion During the development of cerebral cortex,neural stem cells proliferate and migrate along the direction of blood vessels and radial glial cells. Nerve cells and glial cells are involved in the structure of the vessel wall,and the interaction among them is to maintain the integrity and function of the blood brain barrier.