第84届SEG年会多分量地震技术评述

A commentary on multi-component seismic technology in the 84th SEG annual meeting

综合分析2014年度美国SEG年会上多分量地震技术方面的学术论文,不难发现:在多波地震偏移成像研究中,叠前时间偏移仍是实际应用的主要方法;相比于PS折射波初至拾取,径向-道域变换的射线路径一致性静校正方法效果更好;全波形反演在四维地震应用中具有诱人的前景,基于纵波反射系数的流体因子反演方法在稳定性、准确性方面显示出很大的优势,有望产生实际的应用效果。多分量地震技术的发展特点可归纳为"一批亮点,一个重点",即:页岩的岩石物理实验与数值模拟分析、地震波的低频衰减气溶机理、六分量矢量波场特征的研究、多组多尺度裂缝系统的响应特征是该领域研究的亮点;综合利用海洋四分量压制鬼波及径向波、去除海底多次波、提高纵波的信噪比是海洋多分量地震技术发展的重点。

Through analysis of papers about multi-component seismic technology presented in the 84th SEG annual meeting, it is easy to find out that prestack time migration is still the major method used in multi-component migration imaging. Compared with the method based on S-wave refraction, static correction method using the radial-trace domain transform for ray path consistency can get the real reflection interface, the application of the full waveform inversion in 4D seismics has attractive perspective. Based on the advantages of stability and accuracy of the fluid factor of longitudinal wave, it is hopeful to produce practical effect. The development characteristics of the multi-component seismics can be summarized as “a lot of highlight spots and one emphasis”, the highlight spots include rock physical experiment and numerical simulation of shale, aerosol mechanism of low frequency attenuation of seismic wave, research on the characteristics six-component vector wave field, research on response characteristics of multi-group and multi-scale fracture system. The emphasis for ocean multi-component seismic technology is to suppress ghost wave and radial wave, to remove multiple wave, and to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of P wave.