儿童呼吸道病毒感染现状分析

Prevalent status of respiratory tract viral infections in children

目的:分析急性下呼吸道感染患儿7种常见呼吸道病毒[流感病毒A(IVA)、流感病毒B(IVB)、副流感病毒I(PIVⅠ)、副流感病毒Ⅱ(PIVⅡ)、副流感病毒Ⅲ(PIVⅢ)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)和腺病毒(ADV)]的感染情况,对其流行现状进行分析,为临床提供相应的诊断和治疗依据。方法:收集武汉协和医院2012-08-2013-07急性下呼吸道感染住院的1 286例患儿的鼻咽深部分泌物标本,直接免疫荧光法进行病原学检测,并从患儿性别、年龄、发病季节等方面对其流行现状进行分析。结果:1 286例患儿中7种呼吸道病毒阳性的有214例,总阳性率为16.6%,RSV占首位,其次为PIVⅢ、ADV;其中单病毒感染214例,混合病毒感染0例;男性患儿837例,感染者136例(16.2%),女性患儿449例,感染者78例(17.4%);年龄越高,检出率越低;春、夏、秋、冬四季的检出率分别为22.6%、17.3%、6.2%、16.3%,以春季阳性率最高。结论:病毒阳性率与患儿年龄、发病季节都有一定的联系。本地区儿童呼吸道病毒感染以RSV为主,其次为ADV、PIVⅢ;随着年龄的增长,病毒阳性率逐渐减低;春季病毒阳性率最高。

Objective：To analyze the infection situation of 7common respiratory viruses [influenza virus A（IVA）,influenza virus B（IVB）,parainfluenza virus I（PIV I）,parainfluenza virus II（PIV II）,parainfluenza virus III（PIV III）,respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）and adenovirus（ADA）]among children with acute lower respiratory tract infection from August 2012 to July 2013,and analyze the prevalent status of theirs,in order to provide the appropriate basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Method：Nasopharyngeal secretion was collected from 1 286 hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection,and 7common respiratory viruses were detected by direct immunofluorescence assay,then the prevalent status of gender,age and seasons were analyzed.Result：In 1 286 children,214cases were infected by 7kinds of respiratory viruses,the total positive rate was 16.6%.The highest infectction virus was RSV infection,followed by PIVⅢ and ADV.There was no mixed infection in 214 patients.There were 837 cases of boys with 136 positive cases（16.2%）,and 449 cases of girls with 78 cases positive cases（17.4%）.As age increased,the detection rate was reduced.The positive rates in spring,summer,autumn and winter were 22.6%,17.3%,6.2% and 16.3%.Conclusion：The positive rate of viruses infections was correlated with age and seasons.RSV was the major virus in children with respiratory tract infection,which followed by PIVⅢand ADV.With the age increased,the detection rate was reducing.The positive rate in spring was the highest.