中国艾滋病法律与公共政策——以权利保障和受影响人群为核心

HIV/AIDS Law and Policy in China——An overview from perspective of rights protection and vulnerable groups

《艾滋病防治条例》(简称《防治条例》)的出台是一个重大进步,但单靠《防治条例》本身,无法为艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者和受艾滋病(AIDS)影响的人群提供充分的权利保障。因而,目标明确且以证据为基础的法律改革是必要的,以保证最有需求的人们能够得到帮助和服务。当前的法律环境对这些关键人群在公共健康问题上有着负面的影响,并将导致艾滋病在中国的进一步传播。缺乏有效保障隐私权的规定和制度,以及反歧视相关立法的缺失,对艾滋病流行起到了推波助澜的作用。艾滋病法律需要进行相应的修订,以更好应对疾病流行的新情况。通过系统查阅法律法规和规章及政策资料,以及访谈、会议现场观察、案例搜集等,对法律法规的可操作性、合理性及其内在冲突等进行评估。对包括《防治条例》在内的中国艾滋病相关法律法规、规章进行评估,发现规定和实践中的漏洞和冲突,为改进立法提出建议。

Although a big step forward,the 2006 AIDS Act and related regulations alone have not provided effective protection for people living with or affected by HIV in China,who are still experiencing high levels of stigma and discrimination.Targeted and evidence-based legal reforms are needed to make sure that people that need services are able to access them.The current legal environment has a negative public health impact on key populations and is contributing to the further spread of HIV in China.The lack of effective rules and mechanisms to protect confidentiality and the lack of anti-discrimination legislation in China fuels the epidemic,with severe discrimination against people living with HIV and key populations in areas of health,employment and education.The legal system of HIV/AIDS in China needs reformation and revision accordingly so as to response to the epidemic more effectively.Desk review,interview with community members,field research,participation of meetings and conference,court judgment,etc.are necessrily conducted to evaluate the feasibility,reasonability and the internal conflictions of laws and regulations thus to provide recommendations for the legislation.