摘要
When studying varicocele and infertility, substantial knowledge have been acquired in many important areas, including prevalence, etiology, and pathophysiology to the point that varicocele is considered as the main cause of primary and secondary infertility in adult men. On the other hand, offering surgical treatment of varicoceles to improve androgen levels （without a focus on improving fertile potential） is quite controversial.
When studying varicocele and infertility, substantial knowledge have been acquired in many important areas, including prevalence, etiology, and pathophysiology to the point that varicocele is considered as the main cause of primary and secondary infertility in adult men. On the other hand, offering surgical treatment of varicoceles to improve androgen levels （without a focus on improving fertile potential） is quite controversial.
