国际工程承包商生态位测度与分析——基于ENR国际承包商250/225强的实证研究

Measurement and Analysis on Enterprises Niche for International Contractors——An Empirical Study based on the Top 250/225 International Contractors Data

从企业生态位理论的视角,提出国际工程承包企业生态位宽度及生态位重叠度等表征指标及相应的测度方法,分析国际工程承包企业国际市场资源的多样化及利用程度、目标市场的相似度和竞争程度。根据ENR发布的全球250/225强国际承包商历年业务统计数据,针对13个主要国家的国际承包商进行国际市场生态位测度,定量分析不同国家国际承包企业在复杂国际市场环境中的生态位状况;并进行中国国际承包商与美国国际承包商的对比分析。研究发现:欧美承包商比亚洲承包商具有更高的生态位宽度,生态位宽度高的国别承包商之间存在较高的生态位重叠度;美、德、韩、日、英、意、澳等国承包商是中国承包商的主要竞争者,中国承包商正处于快速发展阶段,需不断提高自身综合能力,进一步拓展国际市场空间。

From the perspective of enterprise niche theory, this paper first defines the niche width degree and niche overlap degree indicators of international contractors and then proposes appropriate measurement methods to describe the diversification and utilization of international market resources, as well as the similarity of the international target market and the level of competitiveness among contractors. According to the business volumes statistics of the world＇s largest 250/225 international contractors published by ENR each year, enterprises niche of international contractor from total 13 major countries are measured.Then enterprises niche statuses of international contractors from different countries in the complex international market environment are analyzed quantitatively. Finally, comparative analysis between the Chinese and the United States international contractors are given. The results find：the European and American contractors hold higher niche width degrees compared with those of Asian contractors; the contractors in different countries with higher niche width also have higher niche overlap degree; the main competitors of Chinese contractors are firms from U.S.A, Germany, Korea, Japan, U.K., Italy, and Australia. Chinese contractors are at the stage of rapid development, and it is necessary for them to improve comprehensive capacity and to develop new international market.