风陵得名之由来及嬗变过程

Research on Eponymy and Its Change of Fengling(风陵)

风陵渡地处秦、晋、豫三省交界,是黄河中游的一处重要津渡,其地以风陵而名。风陵得名,明清以来则素有"女娲墓"与"风后(或称"风伯")墓"两说。其与此地相接三省的地方志中关于风陵得名的记述不尽相同。笔者考察风陵得名之由来及嬗变过程,认为其地名在魏晋时有由"封陵"变为"风陵"之过程。此后,风陵也有"伏羲墓"→"女娲墓"→"风伯墓"之嬗变。风陵地名的嬗变与得名缘由的变化反映了千百年来地方文化的变迁、地域文化的相异,同时又与上古至中古的汉语语音变化密切相关。

Fengling Du （风陵渡）is located at the junction of Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan provinces. It isan important ferry in the middle reaches of Yellow River. Since Ming and Qing Dynasties, there are two interpretations about eponymy of ＂ Fengling＂（风陵）.One is about the tomb of Nvwa （女娲）.Another is about the tomb of Fengbo （风伯）.Moreover, the local chronicles records of three prov-inces are not the same. Through the research on eponymy of Fengling and its evolution. We believe that the local name have changed from 封陵to风陵 in Wei Jin period. The process of eponymy is that from the tomb of Fuxi 伏羲 to the tomb of Nvwa女娲, then to the tomb of Fengbo （风伯）.Thechange of place name and eponymy of Fengling reflects the change of local culture and regional characteristics of culture. At the same time, it is closely related to the changes of ancient Chinese pronunciation.