北京市延庆区室内环境因素对学龄儿童呼吸系统健康影响的分析

Influence of indoor environmental factors on the respiratory system of school children in Yanqing district of Beijing

目的：了解北京市延庆区学龄儿童呼吸系统健康状况,探讨家庭室内环境对儿童呼吸系统健康的影响。方法：采用整群抽样的方法,调查延庆区3所小学1~4年级的所有学生。采用问卷调查法,了解儿童呼吸系统健康状况及家庭居住环境情况。用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析,率的比较采用χ2检验,呼吸系统健康影响因素的多因素分析采用多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：共调查2 179名儿童,男1 106名,女1 073名,年龄5~12（8.11±1.22）岁。在调查的儿童中,59.7%（1 300/2 179）感冒时会经常咳嗽,37.3%（812/2 179）感冒时有胸闷和咳痰,9.9%（216/2 179）呼吸时有喘鸣。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,使用装修材料涂料（OR=1.513,95%CI：1.050~2.180,P〈0.05）、胶（OR=1.434,95%CI：1.177~1.749,P〈0.05）、家里有1人吸烟（OR=1.257,95%CI：1.024~1.544,P〈0.05）均会引起感冒时咳嗽症状,是其危险因素;年龄5~7岁（OR=1.576,95%CI：1.138~2.183,P〈0.05）、家里有地毯（OR=1.855,95%CI：1.265~2.720,P〈0.05）、使用装修材料胶（OR=1.277,95%CI：1.046~1.559,P〈0.05）,相对于使用电暖器取暖或不取暖,集体供暖（OR=3.691,95%CI：1.267~10.754,P〈0.05）和使用煤炉并安装烟囱（OR=3.280,95%CI：1.104~9.749,P〈0.05）均可显著增加儿童感冒时胸闷咳痰的危险性;而厨房安装空气净化装置排风扇均可降低感冒时咳嗽症状（OR=0.757,95%CI：0.587~0.976,P〈0.05）及胸闷咳痰（OR=0.698,95%CI：0.520~0.937,P〈0.05）。结论：家庭居住环境因素对学龄儿童的呼吸系统健康有一定程度的影响。学生和家长应注意减少和消除室内空气污染源,以减少和预防学龄儿童呼吸系统疾病的发生。

Objective： To preliminarily investigate respiratory health status of young school children in Yanqing county district of Beijing,and to evaluate the effects of indoor environments on respiratory health of children.Methods： All the school children in grade 1- 4 were enrolled from 3 primary schools in Yanqing district county of Beijing by cluster sampling. A questionnaire survey was performed to investigate respiratory health status of young school children and indoor environments. Statistical analysis was carried out by c Chi- square test and logistic regression analysis with the SPSS 19. 0 software. Results： A total of 2 179 children were enrolled into this study,including 1 106 males and 1 073 females. The age ranged from 5 to 12 years with an average of（ 8. 11 ± 1. 216）years. Of these children,59. 7%（ 1 300 /2 179） had a cough when they got a cold,37. 3%（ 812 /2 179） had chest distress and phlegm when they got a cold,and 9. 9%（ 216 /2 179） had wheeze. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that paint（ OR = 1. 513,95% CI： 1. 050- 2. 180,P〈0. 05）,glue（ OR = 1. 434,95% CI： 1. 177-1. 749,P〈0. 05）,and smoking（ OR = 1. 257,95% CI： 1. 024- 1. 544,P〈0. 05） could significantly increase the risk of cough with colds. In addition,younger age（ OR = 1. 576,95% CI： 1. 138- 2. 183,P〈0. 05）,carpeting（ OR =1. 855,95% CI： 1. 265- 2. 720,P〈0. 05）,glue（ OR = 1. 277,95% CI： 1. 046- 1. 559,P〈0. 05）,collectivized heating（ OR = 3. 691,95% CI： 1. 267- 10. 754,P〈0. 05） and coal stove for heating（ OR = 3. 280,95% CI： 1. 104-9. 749,P〈0. 05） could significantly increase the risk of chest distress and expectoration with colds,while the use of exhaust fan in kitchen could significantly decrease the risk of cough with colds（ OR = 0. 757,95% CI： 0. 587-0. 976,P〈0. 05）,chest distress and expectoration with colds（ OR = 0. 698,95% CI： 0. 520- 0. 937,P〈0. 05）.Conclusion： Family indoor environmental factors have certain effects on respiratory health in school children,thus parents and children themselves should try to reduce and eliminate indoor air pollution sources to prevent respiratory diseases.