病理性近视后巩膜葡萄肿的研究进展

Posterior staphyloma in pathological myopia

我国近视眼患者超过3亿,其中高度近视患者已超过一千万,高度近视中很大一部分为病理性近视（pathological myopia,PM）,其并发的眼底病变已成为眼底病中不可逆致盲的首位眼病.在病理性近视眼底一系列退行性病变中,后巩膜葡萄肿（posterior staphyloma,PS）是最基础的病变之一,其发病原因仍无定论,可能是眼轴不断延长、巩膜中胶原的合成及分解紊乱造成胶原蛋白减少共同造成巩膜变薄而不能抵抗眼压的结果.目前病理性近视后巩膜葡萄肿的唯一治疗手段为后巩膜加固术.对于无临床症状或者因PS而产生的并发症需要定期观察,手术时机仍需要大量的临床研究进行评估.

In China,more than 300 million patients suffer from myopia,where in over 10 million patients have high myopia,and a large part of high myopia belong to pathologic myopia （PM）.Its correlated ocular fundus retinopathy has become the first reason causing irreversible blindness.Posterior staphyloma （PS） is the most basic disease in the series of pathological degeneration of myopia,and its causes are still unconcluded.The thinning sclera,resulting from the continuous axial lengthening,synthesis and decomposition disorder of collagen in sclera,cannot resist the intraocular pressure,which may be the main cause of PS.At present,the only treatment measure is posterior scleral reinforcement surgery.Regular observation is needed for PS with no clinical symptoms or with complications.The surgery timing still requires a large number of clinical studies to assess.