日本介入南海问题的动因及路径分析

An Analysis of the Causes and Approaches of Japan's Involving in the South China Sea Issue

日本并非南海争端的当事国,但近年来却频频插手南海问题,甚至试图在军事上重返南海。究其动因,既有维护自身海上运输通道安全、应对钓鱼岛争端等现实利益的考虑,又有争夺地区影响力、遏制中国崛起等战略性的考量。日本采取多种路径介入南海问题,包括以海上区域多边安全合作为突破口,搭建介入南海问题的平台;利用各种多边论坛,极力推动南海问题的国际化;加强与菲、越等南海声索国的防务安全合作,对之提供能力建设支持;与美、印、澳等其他区域外国家在南海问题上加强联动,提出所谓"亚洲民主安全之钻";解禁集体自卫权,为军事上重返南海奠定法律基础。在亚太格局深度调整和中日结构性矛盾凸显的背景下,以及日本加速解禁集体自卫权和修改和平宪法的情况下,可以预见,日本今后会进一步加强对南海问题的介入。

Japan is not a claimant of the South China Sea islands,but it has been interfering in the South China Sea issue more frequently in recent years. The underlying causes are as follows： maintaining the safety of Japan＇s maritime economic lifeline and managing the Diaoyu Islands dispute with China; struggling for regional influence and balancing China＇s rise. Japan takes multiple approaches to interfere in the South China Sea disputes,which include promoting the multilateral maritime security cooperation in the field of nontraditional security around the area of the South China Sea; using various multilateral forums to internationalize the disputes; strengthening defense cooperation with ASEAN claimants of the South China Sea islands and providing capacity-building support for them; strengthening the interactions with the United States and India and using the legal tools to interfere in the disputes. It is predicted that Japan will further strengthen its interfering in the South China Sea issue in the context of the power transition in the Asia-Pacific region and the rising rivalry between China and Japan.