武汉市城市公园绿地典型植物群落类型及物种多样性研究

Typical Plant Communities at Urban Parks and Their Species Diversity in Wuhan City

采用典型样方法,对武汉市10个具有代表性的城市公园的165个植物群落进行调查,结果表明,所调查植物群落中共有植物219种,分属74科156属;运用组平均法(UPGMA)对165个植物群落进行聚类分析,分为21种植物群落类型;利用Partrick物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数,比较不同群落类型的物种多样性特征,其中群落类型紫玉兰—杜鹃—小苜蓿的物种丰富度和物种多样性最高,圆柏—八角金盘+山茶的物种丰富度最低,水杉—杜鹃+洒金桃叶珊瑚—早熟禾+车前的多样性指数最低,植物群落的多样性程度表现为乔木层≈草本层>灌木层。在城市公园绿地中人工配置决定了植物群落物种多样性特征,其他环境和人为干扰因素也影响植物群落的物种多样性。建议适当增加观赏价值高的乡土植物,构建物种丰富、层次复杂、结构稳定的近自然植物群落。

Investigation was carried out for 165 plant communities from 10 typical urban parks in Wuhan by using typi- cal sampling method. The results showed that there were 219 plant species belonging to 156 genera and 74 families in total sampled plant communities; the 165 plant communities were classified into 21 plant community types using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages （UPGMA） ; the characteristics of species diversity in the 21 plant community types were compared using Partrick species richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson diver- sity index and Pielou evenness index. The community type of Magnolia liliflora-Rhododendron sirnsii-Medicago minima had the highest species richness and species diversity ; the community type of Sabina chinenzis-Fatsia japonica had low- est species richness, and the community type of Metasequoia glyptostroboides-R, simsii ＋ Aucuba japonica-Poa pratensis ＋ Plantago asiatica had lowest species diversity ; the species diversity of plant communities was basically ranked as arbor layer≈ grass layer 〉 shrub layer. In urban parks, the species diversity of plant community is determined by artificial plant configuration, and other environmental factors and human disturbance also have impacts on the species diversity of plant community. It is proposed to appropriately increase the number of native plants with high ornamental value and construct the near-natural plant community with rich species, complex layer and stable structure.