珠海市传统乡村生态景观及其乡愁文化演变

Traditional Ecological Countryside Landscape and Evolvement of Nostalgia Culture in Zhuhai

在城镇化快速发展的今天,乡愁生态景观是区别于城市景观、突显乡村特色、彰显乡愁文化的重要景观实体。文中研究了2004—2014年珠海2个传统乡村生态景观风貌特征及其乡愁文化的演变,结果表明:1)乡村水体空间占比呈缩减势态,其中接霞庄由30%下降至23%,排山村由5.1%下降至4.3%。与此同时,接霞庄出现了占比为11.7%的旅游设施用地,排山村出现了占比为2.7%的工厂用地,主要占用的是林地和水体空间。2)乡村植物种类逐渐丰富化,接霞庄由24种增至44种,排山村则由32种增至40种,新增植物功能更加注重经济性、观赏性和芳香性。3)乡村新增居住空间平均林木覆盖面积极低,接霞庄为0.12 m2,排山村仅为0.02 m2。4)乡村生态景观风貌变化的影响因素包括乡镇企业入侵严重、旅游开发定位模糊、注重林业经济价值、城市风吹入乡村、生活需求发生转变和缺少科学规划指导等6个方面。5)珠海传统乡村生态景观的特色表现为:村头宗祠,古树参天;村前水池,岸绿水清;村边小溪,浣衣车水;村后茂林修竹;村内绿树成荫,庭院花果飘香。最后,分析了导致珠海乡村生态空间减少、地域乡愁文化减弱的原因,并针对珠海乡村生态景观建设提出了建议。

In the rapid urbanization, nostalgia ecological landscape is an important concrete landscape which differs from the urban landscape, highlights the rural characteristics and reveals nostalgia culture. This paper studied the evolution of characteristics and nostalgia culture embedded rural ecological landscape in two traditional villages in Zhu- hai from 2004 to 2014. The results showed that： firstly, the water body had been shrinking from 30% to 23% in Jiex- ia Zhuang and from 5. 1% to 4. 3% in Paishan Village. New land use appeared in the rural area with growing share. The tourist facilities accounted for 11.7% in Jiexia Zhuang, and the land for factory account for 2. 7% in Paishan Village, which mainly were converted from the forest land and water body. Secondly, the species of plant had gradually grown in rural area from 24 to 44 in Jiexia Zhuang, and from 32 to 40 in Paishan Village. More attention had been paid to economical, ornamental and aromatic properties. Thirdly, the average forest coverage of new rural resi- dential space was extremely low, 0. 12 m2 in the Jiexia Zhuang , while only 0.02 m2 in the Paishan Village. Fourthly, the influencing factors to the change in the rural ecological landscape include the increased number of township enterprises, fuzzy positioning of tourism development, focusing on the economic value of forest, urban lifestyle going popu-lar, change in livelihood demand and lack of scientific planning. Fifth, the characteristics of rural ecological land- scape in Zhuhai presents as that the ancestral hall at the entrance of the village, towering ancient trees, the pond in front of the village, clean river and green hanks, streams, the lush bamboosbehind the village, tree-lined village, courtyard flower and fruit fragrance. Finally, this paper analyzed the reasons for the decline of rural ecological space and the local nostalgia culture, and proposed feasible suggestions for construction of rural ecological landscape in Zhuhai.