“一定的X”结构探析

A Study of “Yiding de X” Structure

"一定的X"结构中,"一定"的解读一方面受X性质的影响,一方面跟"一定"的语用取值有关。"一定"有一个贯穿其中的抽象的共通义——"限定在某个范围",根据X凸显的性质以及"一定"投射模式的不同,"一定"分别解释为"某种程度的、适当的"和"固定的、特定的、规定的、确定的"。作为一种典型的模糊表达,"一定"有其独特的语用价值,说话人出于省力、规避责任风险、保护面子等原因选用模糊表达"一定",通过主观压制高量和提升低量来实现自己的交际目的,而听话人可以通过语用推理对"一定"做出正确的理解。

In the structure of“Yiding de X”, the interpretation of “Yiding” is influenced by the property of X on one hand, and the pragmatic values on the other hand. There is an abstract vague meaning throughout “Yiding： confined in a certain range. According to the salient property of X and projection mode of “Yiding“ it can be interpreted as ”to some degree, appropriate”or“fixed, specific, prescriptive, definite” respectively. As a typical vague expression, “Yiding” has its unique pragmatic values. Speakers choose vague expression “Yiding” due to effort saving, avoidance of responsible risks and protecting faces etc. Speakers achieve their communicating goals via suppressing high volume and promoting low volume, while listeners understand “Yiding” rightly via pragmatic inference.