黑格尔与作为基础存在论的“自然哲学”

Hegel and His Naturephilosophy as the Fundamental Ontology

"自然哲学"作为一种基础存在论对于黑格尔的整个哲学计划而言具有极为重要的意义。许多对黑格尔自然哲学的批评没有把握到他的体系是为了回应康德、费希特哲学的主观主义和二元论的困境这一基本动机。从黑格尔哲学的起源来看,"自然哲学"的提出是为了克服近现代文化的二分与异化,对于黑格尔创造一种有机的和整体性的实在观至关重要。这种"自然哲学"构成了黑格尔成熟时期的绝对观念论的雏形,而绝不仅仅是其哲学全书中一个可有可无的部分。它所体现的动态的理性一元论贯穿于黑格尔的整个哲学体系,这种有机的、合目的的发展的观念对于理解黑格尔的逻辑学和精神哲学而言同样是不可或缺的。

Naturephilosophy as the fundamental ontology is central to Hegel ’s whole philosophical project.There are at least three reasons. First of all,looking into the genesis of Hegel’s philosophy,Naturephilosophy was raised to overcome the dichotomy and alienation of modern culture; it was crucial for Hegel to create an organic and holistic view of reality. Second,Naturephilosophy,which was shared with Schelling,is the embryo of Hegel’s mature absolute idealism. It is not just a dispensable part of his Encyclopedia. Third,the dynamic monism of reason,so central to Naturephilosophy,is pervasive throughout Hegel’s whole philosophical system. This idea of organic and purposive development is essential to Hegel’s concepts of logic and spirit. Many critiques of Hegel’s Naturephilosophy failed to recognize the underlying motive behind his complicated and obscure system： the attempt to resolve the crisis of the Kantian- Fichtean subjectivism and dualism.