青少年学生非特异性腰背疼痛状况

Prevalence of non-specific back pain of Chinese adolescents

目的了解青少年腰背疼痛发生情况及其相关因素,为预防青少年非特异性腰背疼痛提供依据。方法自行设计调查问卷并进行信、效度检验,对北京、天津、武汉、大连4市7所中学的3 609名学生进行抽样调查,使用有序累积Logistic回归模型以及CMH法分析青少年非特异性腰背疼痛现状及相关因素。结果初中组非特异性背部疼痛、腰部疼痛以及腰背部结合痛1个月期间的患病率分别为22.03%,28.73%,12.66%;高中组非特异性背部疼痛、腰部疼痛以及腰背部结合痛1个月期间的患病率分别为28.84%,34.50%,17.59%。在男生中,高中组背痛和腰背结合痛患病率与初中组相比差异均有统计学意义（χ^2值分别为9.49,7.92,P值均〈0.01）。在女生中,高中组背痛、腰痛以及腰背结合痛患病率与初中组相比差异均有统计学意义（χ^2值分别为12.88,18.13,9.31,P值均〈0.01）。同学段中,女生各种疼痛类型期间患病率高于男生（χ^2初中值分别为16.38,9.77,13.19,χ^2高中值分别为22.31,31.54,16.11,P值均〈0.05）。初中组和高中组中,较长的每日静坐时间与出现视物模糊现象是背痛结合腰痛的危险因素（OR值分别为1.071,1.804,OR高中值分别为1.096,1.667,P值均〈0.01）。结论青少年学生非特异性腰背疼痛的期间患病率较高,且与性别和学段相关,应当引起广泛的重视。减少青少年每日静坐总时间以及及时改善视力状况可能会降低非特异性腰背疼痛的发生。

Objective To understand non-specific back pain of Chinese adolescents, and to analyze associated factors.Methods Large-scale questionnaire survey was conducted among Chinese adolescents from junior and senior high school in seven schools in Beijing, Tianjin, Wuhan, and Dalian were surveyed in different provinces. The validity of the questionnaire and retest reliability was tested. Ordered cumulative logistic regression model and CMH were used to analyze non-specific low back pain. Results The prevalence of non-specific back pain, low back pain, upper back pain combined with low back pain during last month was 22. 03%, 28. 73% and 12. 66% in junior school students, and 28. 84%, 34. 50% and 17. 59% in senior school students, respectively. Senior students and girls reported more back pain than junior groups and boys（ P〈 0. 05）. Sedentary time and low vision was risk factor for back pain combined with low back pain（ OR = 1. 096, 1. 667, P〈 0. 01）. Conclusion Prevalence of back pain among Chinese children and adolescents varies among gender and grade. Adolescents＇ non-specific upper back pain combined with low back pain is related to sedentary time and low vision.