嘉兴市一年级小学生屈光异常筛查结果分析

Screening for refractive errors among primary school students in Jiaxing

目的了解嘉兴市一年级初入学儿童视力以及超出生理范围可能影响视力的屈光异常,为制定群体防治措施提供科学依据。方法采取整群抽样的方法,对嘉兴市3所小学1 068名一年级小学生进行调查问卷、现场筛查与医院复查的全面视力检测,对检测数据进行χ2检验以及相关分析等。结果存在屈光不正视力问题的学生占25.84%(276/1 068);不同性别学生视力异常率差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.28,P<0.05),吉水小学生视力优于其他2所小学(χ2值分别为3.27,6.28,P值均<0.05)。相关性分析显示,眼轴长度和平均屈光度呈负相关(r=0.552,P<0.01);医院复诊确诊符合率达到86.23%。结论早期视力健康筛查具有必要性,对儿童初学时用眼习惯早期矫正具有重要意义。近视因素与用眼行为有着很大的关系,全面综合的视力检测系统需要建立和推广。

Objective To screening for refractive errors among grade one students in primary school and to provide scientific basis for the development of population prevention strategy. Methods A questionnaire survey, vision screening and hospitalbased eye examination were conducted among 1 068 students from 3 schools by using cluster sampling method. Logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results Students with refractive errors vision problems accounted for 25. 84%（ 276 /1 068） of the total students; ametropia was related to gender（ χ2= 4. 28, P〈0. 05）. Axial length of eye was negatively correlated with mean refraction（ r = 0. 552, P〈0. 01）. Eye axis measurement of positive rate consistent with appointment diagnosis coincidence rate was 86. 23%.Conclusion Early vision screening is of great significance for child myopia prevention. A comprehensive vision inspection system needs to be set up and promoted.