教育法学的理论体系与学科建设初论

Theoretical System and Disciplinary Construction of Education Law

自20世纪中叶以来,教育法学的系统研究兴起,教育法学的理论体系与学科建设日益为学界所关注。国内学界对此多有探索,但莫衷一是,相关法理基础研究还不够深入。教育法学的理论研究,应根据教育领域中基本权利义务关系的类型特殊性,以受教育权与国家义务、学术自由与办学自主、人本目标与思想尊严、契约属性与双重义务为理论基础,以教育法律关系与教育行为为理论框架,以特殊优位关系、学校治理行为及专业评价行为为特色,形成相对独立的教育法学理论体系。在此基础上,教育法学应当成为相对独立的二级法学学科,有自成系统的内容设置,这样才能更好地服务于教育法学的学科发展和教育法治化事业。

Since the time when systematical researches on education law arose in the Mid-20 th century,the theoretical system and disciplinary construction of education law has kept winning concerns of scholars,whose discussions lacked consensus and fundamental reflections on relative jurisprudential problems.The theoretical system of education law should be grounded on four groups of elements：the right to education and the duty of state,the academic freedom and self-determination of school operation,the humanism and dignity of thought,and the double obligations with contractual duties.The framework of the system mainly consists of legal relations and activities of education,with special priorities,school governance and professional judgment as its features.This design could build education law as a discipline subordinate to both legal science and pedagogy and frame characteristic arrangement of curriculum,which will make it better develop as an independent subject and promote the rule of law in education.