流动儿童城市适应及影响因素——过去20年的研究概述

Urban Adaptation of Migrant Children in China:A review of the studies of the last 20 years

流动儿童的城市适应问题随着流动儿童数量的不断增加和在城市长期生活而成为研究者们关注的焦点。对从国内外主要数据库中检索到的过去20年有关我国流动儿童城市适应的590篇研究成果进行了梳理,综述流动儿童城市影响的概念、理论、标准、现状、影响因素,主要得出了以下结论:(1)适应的概念涉及心理层面和社会文化层面等多个方面;(2)适应的理论有文化冲击理论、适应理论和社会排斥理论等;(3)适应的标准分为过程论和变量论;(3)心理、学校和社会文化适应的总体水平较差;(4)适应的影响因素包括个人、家庭、学校和社会多个方面。根据这些研究结论,对研究的局限进行了分析并提出了未来研究的展望,希望今后多进行整体性、综合性、深度研究,为家庭、学校和政府部门提供应对性的政策和策略。

The urban adaptation of migrant children has become an important issue among migrant children who were from rural places to urban areas.The current study aimed to summarize the urban adaptation and its predictive factors based on the literature review of the last 20 years.After an analysis of more than 590 literature items,we included that the previous study predominantly covered the following questions：（1）the definition of urban adaptation among migrant children;（2）the urban adaptation theory of migrant children;（3）the urban adaptation standard of migrant children;（4）the status quo of migrant children＇s urban adaptation;（5）the individual,familial,school and social predictive factors of migrant children urban adaptation Finally,the article provided several suggestions for policy making in helping migrant children adaptation to urban.In conclusion,we summarized the definition,characteristic,and development of unban adaptation among migrant children and the related predictive factors.The limitations of the previous studies were also documented and a number of useful political suggestions for migrant children＇s urban adaptation were provided.