名词再范畴化的识解操作及其转喻机制

The Construal Operation and Its Metonymic Mechanism of Recategorization of Nouns

名词再范畴化,是指由指称实体的名词转用为描述事物性状的形容词、突显整个活动事件参与者关系的动词、或者表达整体类别等抽象意义的不可数名词的一种词类活用现象。其本质在于认知主体以名词表达式所激活的认知域为基体对事体的不同侧面进行了不同的识解。识解操作凭借的是我们人类认知世界的理想化认知模型(ICM)中范畴代属性、部分代整体、特例代类属等概念转喻。转喻机制是再范畴化的词类的新的表述意义。再范畴化反映了人类认知过程中一种基本的认知规律,即基于原型效应上的范畴化,非范畴化,再范畴化的过程。

The noun denoting the physical object can be used as an adjective to describe its attributes,a verb to highlight the relations between the entities involved in the whole process,or an uncountable noun to indicate abstract meaning of generic rather than specific,which is called recategorization of nouns.Its nature lies in that people construe the meanings of the noun in different ways,i.e.different profiles are made prominent against the cognitive domain（the base）activated by the noun.Such construal operations depend on our ICM,which generates such conceptual metonymies as CATEGORY FOR PROPERTY,PART FOR WHOLE,and SPECIFIC FOR GENERIC.