论二里头遗址发现的学术价值与意义

On the Academic Value and Significance of the Discovery of the Erlitou Site

二里头遗址的发现,填补了龙山文化晚期与二里冈商文化之间文化序列发展的空白,奠定了夏商文化探索的基础。该遗址是三代考古学文化研究的圭臬,突出表现在建立起史前夏商文化发展里程碑、树立二里头时代年代学标尺和夏商文化界标等方面。二里头遗址又是都城考古的重要基地,为研究早期都城聚落形态和模式、都城规划布局、宫室建筑营造法式提供了难得的机遇和条件。二里头遗址也是中国古代文明研究的"圣地",对于推动夏史研究向前发展、了解夏代的都城面貌以及经济与文化生活状况提供了广阔的空间。该遗址还为历史学科的整合研究以及多学科、多角度交叉研究夏史提供了重要平台。作为我国主要的考古学专业实践基地和考古人才培养的摇篮,二里头遗址享誉海内外。

The discovery of the Erlitou Site made up the gap in the development sequence between the late Longshan and the Shang Erligang cultures and laid the foundation of researching the Xia and Shang cultures. The site is a standard for the study of the Xia, Shang and Zhou archaeological cultures,which is prominently displayed in its role as a milestone in the developmental course of the prehistoric, Xia and Shang cultures, a chronological scale of the Erlitou Period and a boundary marker between the Xia and Shang cultures. As an important base for capital archaeology,it provided rare chance and condition for researching the settlement form and pattern,the planning and layout and the palace architecture of early capitals. It is also a ＂holy place＂for studying ancient Chinese civilization and provided vast space for promoting the development of Xia history study and understanding the features of the Xia Dynasty capitals,as well as their economic, cultural and living conditions. Furthermore,it furnishes an important platform for the integrated study of historical disciplines and for the multi-branch and multi-angle cross study of the Xia history. Therefore it enjoys honor both at home and abroad as a major practice base for archaeological specialty and a training cradle for archaeological personnel in China.