中国古代高级贵族陵墓区规划制度浅探

Research on the Institution of Layout for the Mausoleum Precincts of High-ranking Aristocrats in Ancient China

梳理自新石器时代晚期以降,中国古代高级贵族墓地的规划,昭穆制度是最基本的墓穴排列原则,包括一祖一昭一穆三墓制、一祖二昭二穆五墓制、一祖三昭三穆七墓制诸种形式。在夫妻并列墓组中,夫墓处西右、妻墓处东左是主流的排位方式。

In ancient China, from the late Neolithic Age onward, the basic institution of layout for the graveyards of the highranking aristocrats was arranging the ancestor’s burial in the middle, the son’s one on the left and the grand-son’s one on the right, which is the so-called zhao 昭（left） and mu 穆（right） institution. There were the three-, five- and seven-tomb forms, etc. It means that the tombs of the sons of the first, second and third generations should be built on the left（zhao） to the grave of the ancestor while the burials of the grand-sons of these generations on the right（mu）. In the married couple’s burial row, the husband’s tomb was generally arranged on the right（west） while the wife’s tomb on the left（east）.