师■簋铭文中的“弗叚组”及其他器铭相关词语考释

Elucidation of the Characters “弗叚组” in the Inscription of the Shi Yuan(师■) Gui Food Container and Similar Phrases in Other Bronzes Inscriptions

西周晚期的师■簋铭文有"弗叚(ke)组"一语,应释读为"弗可沮",为自勉之辞,表达作器者不懈怠、不废止的谦慎态度。在西周器铭中,这种用法的"叚"与"弗敢■(沮)""弗敢且(沮)"的"敢"都用作助动词,表示谦慎态度,但"叚"比"敢"的语气弱。按此,禹鼎等铭中"弗叚望(忘)"之"叚"也应读作"可",即"弗可忘"。

There is the phrase ＂弗叚组＂in the inscription of the Shi Yuan（师■） gui food container of the Western Zhou Period. This phrase should be elucidated as＂弗可沮＂ and means self-encouragement,i.e. the object maker’s modest and courteous attitude,or unremittingness and persistence in behaviors. In Western Zhou bronzes inscriptions,the ＂叚＂ as well as the ＂敢＂ in both the ＂弗敢■（ju）＂and the＂弗敢且（ju）＂equally mean modesty and cautiousness when they are used in the context similar to the above analyzed,only the ＂敢＂ is stronger than the ＂叚＂ in meaning. Thus the ＂叚＂ in the＂弗叚望（忘）＂inscribed on the Yu ding tripod and other bronzes should also be elucidated as ＂可＂,and the＂弗叚望＂as＂弗可忘＂.