控释尿素与普通尿素配施对水稻氮代谢关键酶活性及产质量的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Controlled Release Urea and Common Urea on Activities of Key Enzymes Related with Nitrogen Metabolism,Yield and Quality of Rice

为了探明控释尿素对提高水稻氮肥利用率和产量、改善水稻品质的作用机制,通过田间试验,研究了控释尿素与普通尿素配施[处理1为对照（不施氮肥,CK）,处理2为100%普通尿素,处理3为40%控释尿素＋60%普通尿素,处理4为60%控释尿素＋40%普通尿素,处理5为100%控释尿素]对水稻氮代谢关键酶活性、氮肥利用率以及产质量的影响。结果表明,与100%普通尿素相比,施用控释尿素能显著提高水稻齐穗期和乳熟期叶片中的硝酸还原酶活性,特别是乳熟期最为明显;总体能显著增强水稻齐穗期和乳熟期叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、齐穗期至蜡熟期谷氨酰胺转化酶活性,其增强效果在齐穗期最为明显;能显著提高乳熟期和蜡熟期叶片的蛋白水解酶活性;总体能显著增强水稻齐穗期至蜡熟期籽粒中的谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酰胺转化酶活性;能显著提高水稻产量及氮肥利用率,提高幅度分别为16.0%~21.4%和30.7%~48.5%;并能显著增加籽粒蛋白质含量。上述指标均以处理4增强效果最为明显。

In oder to verify the mechanism of controlled release urea（ CRU） on increasing nitrogen use efficiency,yield and improving rice quality,field experiments were conducted to study the effects of combined application of CRU and common urea（ CU） on activities of key enzymes related with nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen use efficiency as well as yield and quality of rice with four treatments（ treatment 1without nitrogen fertilizer（ CK）,treatment 2 with 100% CU,treatment 3 with 40% CRU ＋ 60% CU,treatment 4 with 60% CRU ＋ 40% CU,treatment 5 with 100% CRU）. The results showed that compared with100% CU,the application of CRU could significantly improve nitrate reductase（ NR） activities of rice leaves at full heading stage and milk stage,especially at milk stage; as a whole,CRU could significantly improve glutamine synthetase activities of rice leaves at full heading stage and milk stage,and glutaminetransfersase activities from full heading stage to dough stage,especially at full heading stage; CRU could significantly increase protease activities of rice leaves at milk stage and dough stage; as a whole,CRU could improve the activities of glutamine synthetase and glutamine transfersase of rice grain from full heading stage to dough stage; CRU could significantly increase rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency by16. 0% —21. 4% and 30. 7% —48. 5% respectively,and significantly enhanced protein contents in rice grain. The treatment 4 was the best in the enhancement effects of the above indicators.