风险政治学人性假设的贫困与嬗变

Defects and changes of the hypothesis of human nature in the perspective of the politics of risk

风险政治学的基本人性假设是风险人假设,通过对风险人各种具体形态发展历程进行考察,现有研究认为经济人和技术人是非理性风险人,被看作风险的制造者;道德人、生态人、平均人和情景人是理性风险人,被看作是风险的化解者。其中后四种人性假设由于各自存在一定的缺陷,只能承担部分风险化解任务,因而被看作是准理性风险人或半理性风险人。为辨识和化解风险的需要,在上述风险人具体形态之外,一种能具备强大风险能力的新风险人类型被期待,理性风险人即为其理想形态。

The basic hypothesis of the politics of risk is the hypothesis of＂risk-facing man＂.The historical study of ＂risk-facing man＂in various forms reveals that ＂economic man＂and ＂technologic man＂are regarded as irrational＂risk-facing man＂and the maker of the latter;while ＂moral man＂,＂ecological man＂,＂average man＂and＂situational man＂are often considered as rational＂risk-facing＂man and the solver of risks.In fact,the latter four could not take the responsibility of solving all risks because of their inherent defects,thus,better called quasi-rational＂risk-facing＂man.In order to identify and solve risks,a new form of＂risk-facing man＂with strong risk-handling capacity is expected.