医学生对艾滋病的认知及反歧视态度现状

The Status of Medical Students' Cognition and Anti-discrimination Attitude to HIV/AIDS

目的通过了解医学生对艾滋病的认知及对艾滋病患者的态度,探讨艾滋病防治中的反歧视问题。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,于2014年4月至6月,对西安地区2所医学院校1352名医学生进行匿名式自填问卷调查,资料整理录入后,采用SPSS19.0进行统计学分析。结果受访医学生对艾滋病三大传播途径的知晓率均高于95%;对非传播途径知晓率则偏低;在提供医疗保健服务的意愿方面,68.9%的受访医学生害怕以后工作中接触艾滋病患者,60.1%的人不愿去有艾滋病患者的科室工作,38.7%的人不愿意从事与艾滋病防治相关工作,33.6%的人认为艾滋病患者应实施隔离治疗。结论医学生对艾滋病患者的歧视态度较明显,对艾滋病相关认知的欠缺和恐惧是导致歧视的一个重要原因,医学生在校期间的艾滋病防治及反歧视相关教育亟待加强。

objective： To discuss anti- discrimination problems in health care service to HIV / AIDS through investigating the medical students＇ cognition and attitude to HIV / AIDS patients. Methods： From April to June in2014,with stratified- cluster sampling method,the anonymous self- administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 1,352 medical students from 2 medical colleges in Xi＇an. After being sorted and input,the data was analyzed using SPSS 19. 0. Results： For the three main transmission routes,the subjects＇ awareness rates were higher than 95%,but low for the non- transmission routes. Regarding to the willingness to supply health care in the future,68. 9% of them were fear to contact with PLWHAs,60.1% of students were unwilling to go to a department having PLWHAs,38. 7% of students did not want to work related to HIV / AIDS prevention and treatment,and 33. 6% of students thought PLWHAs should be treated in isolation. Conclusion： There has an obviously discrimination attitude among medical students to PLWHAs largely due to the lack of cognition or the fear to AIDS. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and anti- discrimination education of HIV / AIDS in medical schools.