医学动物替代研究发展现状研究

Study on the Current Status of Medical Alternative Animal Researches

目的了解我国动物替代研究发展现状,发现问题,提出对策。方法文献检索与定性描述法。以主题、篇名或关键词"动物替代"或"动物减少"或"动物优化"精确检索中文医学常用数据库中国知网、维普数据和万方数据库,补充查找相关研究参考文献。纳入分析组织建设、立法、医学教育和替代研究方法文献,并进行定性描述概括,检索时间截止2015年7月20日。结果初检引文219条,文献发表于1999-2014年,以描述性研究为主。动物替代研究领域包括皮肤刺激、眼刺激毒理学检测、热敏试验和动物模型替代等。替代研究信息交流平台已建立,部分教师已经在实践运用替代原则,相关专著已出版,但法规建设和验证体系滞后,替代研究认识还不乐观,验证方法研究不多。结论国内动物替代研究不多,缺乏系统化建设。未来应加强动物替代研究体系研究,重点在立法、政策引导、医学教育、人才培养和研究方法等。

Objective： To investigate the current status of alternative animal researches in China and thus find the problems and put forward countermeasures. Method： This study was carried out by the methods of literature search and qualitative description. The authors precisely searched the medicine databases commonly used in China（ CNKI,VIP,and Wanfang Data） using the Me SH word,title,or keyword namely ＂ animal alternative＂, ＂ animal decrease＂ or ＂ animal optimization＂,and added to find the related researches＇ references. Then the author included the literature regarding to the organization construction,legislation,medical education,and alternative research methods,and conducted a qualitative description. The deadline was July 20,2015. Results： There were 219 initial quotations published from 1999 to 2014,and mainly were descriptive researches. The fields of alternative animal researches included skin and eye stimulating toxicology test,thermal hyperalgesia and animal model replacement,and etc. The information communication platform of replacement researches had established,part of teachers were in practice using the substitution principle,the related monographs had been published,but the law and regulation construction and validation system were lag,the cognitive of replacement researches was not optimistic,and the validation method researches were insufficient. Conclusion： The domestic alternative animal researches were insufficient and lacking of systematic construction. It should strengthen the study on alternative animal research system,focused on legislation,policy leading,medical education,talent cultivation,and research methods.