正面碰撞安全带约束系统保护效果的研究

Research on the protective effect of seat belt restraint system during the frontal collision

为对比在正面碰撞中,不同安全带预紧器及其组合、不同载荷限力器的各限力等级对驾驶员安全性的影响,采用碰撞仿真软件MADYMO建立了某型轿车驾驶员约束系统仿真模型,并经试验验证。仿真结果显示:安装卷收器与带扣双预紧器、带扣预紧器以及卷收器、带扣与锚点三预紧器分别能使驾驶员头部伤害指标HIC36、髋部合成加速度a以及左、右大腿力Fleft、Fright降至最低值360.35、418.03 m/s2、2 018.34 N、1 245.21 N;当未安装预紧器时,HIC36、胸部3 ms合成加速度T3MS、上颈部剪切力(负值)Fx-、上颈部轴向力(正值)Fz+、Fleft、Fright以及a分别到达最大值634.73、401.45 m/s2、739.46 N、1 625.24 N、3 323.43 N、3 102.55 N以及482.76 m/s2;当卷收器载荷限力器的限力等级逐渐减少时,T3MS、Fx-、Fz+以及胸部压缩量Thpc都逐渐降低,但Fright逐渐增大;当锚点载荷限力器的限力等级逐渐减少时,Fleft、Fright、Fx-都呈上升的趋势。上述结果进一步扩展了安全带预紧器与载荷限力器的研究范围,为新型安全带约束系统的研制提供了理论依据。

In order to compare the influence of different seatbelt pretensioners and their combinations,various limited load levels of different load limiters on driver＇s safety during the frontal collision,the driver restraint system of one car was simulated by using crash simulation software MADYMO,which was verified by test. The simulation results indicate： the retractor and buckle double pretensioner combination,the buckle pretensioner,the retractor,buckle and anchor triple pretensioner combination could make head injury criterion HIC36,the pelvis resultant acceleration a,the left and right femur force Fleft,Frightof driver fell to the lowest value 360. 35,418. 03 m / s2,2 018. 34 N,1 245. 21 N,respectively; without any pretensioner,HIC36,thorax 3 ms resultant acceleration T3 MS,the neck shear force（ negative value） Fx-,the neck axial force（ positive value） Fz＋,Fleft,Frightand a reaches the maximum value 634. 73,401. 45 m / s2,739. 46 N,1 625. 24 N,3 323. 43 N,3 102. 55 N and 482. 76 m / s2respectively; when the limited load level of the retractor load limiter reduces,T3 MS,Fx-,Fz＋and thorax compression displacement Thpc decrease,but Frightincreases;as the limited load level of the anchor load limiter reduces,Fleft,Fright,Fx-show a rising trend. The above results further extend the research scope of seatbelt pretensioner and load limiter,which provides a theoretical basis for the development of new seatbelt restraint system.