彝、白、汉族一年级大学生身体自我特点及其与抑郁的关系

The Physical Characteristic of the Freshmen of the Yi, Bai,Han Nationality and Its Relationship with Depression

目的研究彝、白、汉族一年级大学生身体自我特点及其与抑郁的关系.方法整群抽取1 712名一年级大学生,其中彝族566名,白族543名,汉族603名.采用青少年身体自我量表和Beck抑郁问卷(BDI)进行测评,进行方差分析和Spearman相关分析.结果 (1)彝、白、汉族一年级大学生身体自我在身材特征方面存在显著的民族差异(F=5.247,P<0.01),经两两比较,汉族学生对自己身材特征的满意度比彝、白族学生高;(2)3个民族的男生在身材特征方面都比女生满意度高(F=4.248,P<0.05);(3)3个民族学生身体自我各维度中,相貌特征(F=2.283,P<0.05)和负面特征(F=2.396,P<0.05)的得分存在不同抑郁水平的差异,3个民族相貌特征和负面特征的得分均呈现:无抑郁>轻度抑郁>中度抑郁>重度抑郁的阶梯样递减;(4)3个民族一年级大学生身体自我各个维度均与抑郁呈负相关(P<0.01).结论对自己身材特征的满意度汉族学生比彝、白族学生高,男生比女生高;3个民族学生对身体自我满意度越高,抑郁的发生越低,相貌特征和负面特征影响抑郁的水平.

Objective To research the physical characteristic of the freshman of the Yi, Bai, Han nationality and its relationship with depression. Methods By the method of cluster sampling, 1, 712 freshman,include 566 Yi nationality, 543 Bai nationality and 603 Han nationality, were measured with Adolescent physical self scale and Beck depression inventory. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Spearman correlation.Results（ 1） By analysis of the physical self characteristic of freshman of Yi, Bai and Han nationality, we found that： there were significant differences in physical characteristic in terms of specific dimensions（ F=5.247, P〈0.01） that there was a higher satisfaction level in Han than in Yi and in Bai about the self stature characteristic by pairwise comparision.（ 2） The satisfaction level of the boy was higher than of the girl in the self stature characteristic of these three nationalities（ F=4.248, P〈0.05）.（ 3） In the dimension of physical self about the freshman of Yi, Bai, Han nationality, there was a discrepancy with different levels of depression in the facial characteristic（ F =2.283, P〈0.05） and the negative characteristic（ F =2.396, P〈0.05）, their scores was step- like decreased： no depression〉mild depression〉moderate depression〉major depression.（ 4） The freshman of Yi, Bai and Han nationality had a significant negative correlation with depression in the dimensions of physical self（ P〈0.01）. Conclusions The level of satisfaction in stature characteristic, the Han student is higher thanthe Yi and Bai, boy is higher than girl. For freshman of those three ethnic groups, the higher level of satisfaction with their physical self, the lower possibility of depression, in addition that the facial characteristic and negative characteristic affect the level of depression.