水氮互作对作物生理特性和氮素利用影响的研究进展

Researche Progress on Water-nitrogen Interaction and Its Effects on Crop Growth and Utilization of Nitrogen

水、肥是作物生长发育过程中既相互促进又相互制约的两个因子。随着农业水资源紧缺日趋严峻和不合理施肥造成的污染范围扩大,减少作物灌溉用水、提高肥料利用效率以实现农作物稳产高产的理论和技术研究受到广泛重视。本文就水氮互作对作物生长发育、光合特性、产量和氮素利用的影响、水氮互作对作物响应干旱胁迫的调控研究现状进行了综述,并对目前水氮互作研究中存在的问题进行了分析和讨论。

Water and fertilizer are the most limiting factors in agricultural production in most parts of the world.At present,the shortage of agricultural water resources and the overuse of fertilizer caused the expansion of pollution.It is more important to reduce the crop irrigation water and improve the utilization of fertilizers to achieve the high and stable yield of crop.This report reviewed the researches in water and nitrogen interaction,effects of water and nitrogen interaction on crop growth and development,photosynthetic characteristic,yield and water and nitrogen coupling on utilization rate of nitrogen in crops,and the regulatory effects of water and nitrogen coupling on acclimating to water deficit.According to the actual demand,reasonable water and fertilizer coupling mode can be established,thereby improving the utilization efficiencies of water and fertilizer.Problems in current research of water and nitrogen interactions are discussed and prospected.