耕作方式与秸秆还田对砂姜黑土土壤酶活性及冬小麦产量的影响

Effect of Tillage and Straw Returning on Soil Enzyme Activity and Yield of Winter Wheat in Lime Concretion Black Soil

为探究耕作方式及秸秆还田处理对砂姜黑土土壤酶活性的影响,在河南省商水县砂姜黑土地区设置深耕秸秆不还田、深耕秸秆还田、旋耕秸秆还田和旋耕秸秆不还田4个处理,以超高产小麦品种周麦27为材料进行大田试验,对不同处理的土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶活性及冬小麦籽粒产量进行测定分析。结果表明,20～40cm土层土壤过氧化氢酶的活性在不同处理间差异大多不显著,小麦拔节期、开花期和成熟期0～20cm土层深耕秸秆不还田处理与其他处理间差异显著。0～20cm土层土壤蔗糖酶活性在小麦生育期内不同处理间有显著差异,秸秆还田处理下土壤蔗糖酶活性高于秸秆不还田处理,而在20～40cm土层小麦拔节期和成熟期不同处理间没有显著差异。在小麦生育期内秸秆还田处理下0～20cm和20～40cm土层土壤脲酶活性显著高于其他处理,深耕秸秆不还田处理在拔节期和成熟期高于旋耕秸秆不还田处理。不同处理间土壤碱性磷酸酶活性在小麦生育期内差异显著,总体表现为深耕秸秆还田〉旋耕秸秆还田〉深耕秸秆不还田〉旋耕秸秆不还田。深耕秸秆还田处理对比其他处理能够显著增加冬小麦籽粒产量及千粒重,但其有效穗数显著低于其他处理。

To explore the effects on soil enzyme activities of tillage and straw returning of wheat grown in lime concretion black soil,four treatments of deep tillage with no straw returning（DT＋NS）,deep tillage with all straw returning（DT＋AS）,rotary tillage with all straw returning（RT＋AS）and rotary tillage with no straw returning（RT＋NS）were set in the Vertisol Area of Shangshui,Henan using ultra-high-yielding wheat variety Zhoumai 27 as the material,then the activities of soil catalase,soil invertase,soil urease and soil alkaline phosphatase were investigated and winter wheat grain yield were determined.The results showed that the soil catalase activity in 20-40 cm soil was not significantly different among these treatments,while which was different significantly in 0-20 cm soil be-tween DT＋NS treatment and other treatments at jointing,flowering and maturity stages.The invertase activity in 0-20 cm soil was significantly different among different treatments and different growth period of wheat,which was higher in AS treatment than in NS treatment.While there were no significant differences in 20-40 cm soil at jointing and maturity among different treatments.The urease activity 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil under AS treatments was significantly higher than that of other treatments during wheat growth period,and that of DT＋NS treatment was higher than RT＋NS treatment at jointing and maturity.Soil alkaline phosphatase activity during wheat growth period was significantly different among different treatments,which were as that DT＋AS RT＋AS DT＋NSRT＋NS.Compared to other treatments,DT＋AS treatment significantly increased grain yield and grain weight of winter wheat,but significantly reduced the number of effective spikes.