中国城市人口迁移和创新

Migration and Innovation of Cities in China

创新是城市发展的动力之一。城市创新受多种因素影响,人口是影响城市创新的重要因素,人口迁移的数量和质量会对创新产生深刻的影响。以专利指标测度创新,基于中国34个主要城市人口2003—2012年的人口迁入、迁出数据,使用stata面板模型,分析中国人口迁移对城市创新的影响。结果显示:人口迁移对城市创新有重要的影响,主要表现在省外迁入人口、省内迁出人口以及高学历和多样化人口迁移对城市创新有积极作用,其他人口迁移因素对城市创新影响则不显著,人口迁移对城市创新的影响具有区域性的差异。研究的政策意义表明:中国需要鼓励高层次的人口迁移,以发挥创新的溢出效应,提升城市的创新能力。

Innovation is one of the engines of urban development. Urban innovation is affected by many factors, the population is an important factor affecting the innovation of city, the quality and quantity of population migration have a profound impact on innovation. Taking patents as the indicator to measure urban innovation based on emigration data of 34 major cities in 2003--2012 and by using ＂stata＂ panel model, this paper examines Chinese urban migration＇ s impact on urban innovation through population immigration, the study shows that migration has been an important impact of urban innovation, especially the quantity of migration moved from other provinces and moved within province, diversified migration as well as highly educated migration have a positive effect on innovation, other population migration factors had no significant impact on the urban innovation, migration impact on urban innovation shows regional differences. Policy implications of this research is that China needs to encourage a high level of migration so as to enlarge innovation spillovers and promote the urban capacity of innovation.