环境规制对经济增长的数量和质量效应——基于联立方程的检验

Quantity and quality effects of environmental regulation on economic growth——Test based on simultaneous equations

本文从经济增长数量和质量的双重视角出发,选取2001—2013年中国30个省的面板数据,运用联立方程组模型进行实证研究。结果表明:环境规制存在经济增长数量抑制效应和经济增长质量促进效应的双重作用,而环境分权则进一步加强两极分化,即在提升环境规制对经济增长质量促进效应的同时,恶化环境规制对经济增长数量的抑制效应。进一步,分地区环境规制的经济增长数量效应并无差异,而环境规制的经济增长质量效应具有明显的区域特征。其中,东西部环境规制倒逼经济增长质量提升,而中部环境规制促使经济增长质量下滑;环境分权在东部地区呈现出有利于环境规制对经济增长质量的推动效应,而在中西部地区却呈现束缚效应。此外,伴随节能减排政策纳入地方政府考核体系,环境规制对经济质量的促进效应开始呈现。

Starting from the dual perspective of the quantity and quality of economic growth, this paper chooses the panel data of thirty provinces from 2001 to 2013 and uses the model of simultaneous equations to conduct empirical studies. The results suggests that environmental regulation has dual roles, i.e. inhibition effects of the quantity of economic growth and the promotion effects of the quality of economic growth. However, environmental decentralization will further strengthen polarization, i.e. promoting the positive effects of environmental regulation on the quality of economic growth while mitigating the inhibition effects of it on the quantity of economic growth. Further, there is no difference in the effects of the quantity of economic growth, and its quality effects have obvious regional features. Environmental regulation in the east and west areas forces the promotion of the quality of economic growth, and that in the middle areas leads to the deterioration of the quality of economic growth. Environmental decentralization in the east areas shows pushing effects on the quality of economic growth, but it presents some constraints effects in the middle and west areas. In addition, as the policy of energy conservation and emissions reduction has been incorporated into the evaluation system of local government, the promotion effects of environmental regulation start to come into being.